Effectiveness of Multimedia E-book and Augmented Reality on Knowledge and Skill of Health Science Students: A Systematic Review

Background: The field of health sciences is always related to practical activities in the laboratory. The limited ability of educational institutions to prepare pretty expensive practicum materials makes it essential to use other methods as a substitute or minimize the use of excessive practicum materials because they must be done repeatedly. Accordingly, the present systematic review seeks to answer the question of "to what extent does the use of multimedia ebooks and augmented reality affect the knowledge and skills of health science students?".    Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Relevant articles were searched and collected using Sciencedirect, ERIC, ProQuest, Pubmed, and Wiley Online Library, with a publication period between 2010 to 2021. Eligibility criteria for the selection of studies for review were determined in light of the PICOS guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists were used for quality assessment of the included articles. The risk of bias was assessed by two authors independently using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. The articles were analyzed thematically as well as by collecting the main findings, design and applied interventions. Results: The search returned 493 articles. After removing duplicates, articles with exclusion criteria and low quality articles, the remaining eleven eligible articles were entered into the review process. Literatures showed that e-book have increased the students' knowledge on the learning of evidence based medicine (EBM), anatomy, community health nursing, pediatric care, electrocardiogram (ECG), and sexual harassment prevention. The use of augmented reality (AR) has increased skill of the students, primarily in the practicum of local anastaeshia, dentistry, and anatomy.    Conclusion: The use of multimedia e-books and Augmented Reality (AR) in the learning process shows significant effects compared to conventional teaching methods using textbooks, whiteboards, or lectures only. Through this study, teachers and students can see the effectiveness of e-book and AR technology in the learning process.